Group+5-4

Group 5-4 **__aka team Savages__** =15.= = =  Sir Thomas More Sir Thomas More was born February 7, 1478 in London. He went to school at Oxford and studied law to become a lawyer. However, he thought of becoming a monk. He was an under-sheriff and became part of the Kings service in 1517. He was knighted in 1521 and by 1525 he was chancellor of Lancaster. He published one work called ‘Utopia’. It was a book that described what he thought a perfect civilization would be like. It was a fictional story describing an English republic ruled by reason unlike the real-world English politics. More was a strong Catholic and noted unorthodox books and acts against Catholicism as heresy. When the King broke away from the Roman Catholicism and divorced his wife he resigned as chancellor and opposed the King in his decisions. He was arrested for refusing to swear an oath of succession to reject the Pope and accept the Kings divorce. He was tried for treason and executed on July 6, 1535. __ Utopia __ Sir Thomas More’s novel express the view he thought were necessary for a perfect world. It said that in utopia there are identical towns and each of them with 6,000 families. Thirty of these families choose the Philarch’s (the leaders of each town). Everything is free because they have no currency and gold is worth nothing. If there is a war they hire people (with gold because it doesn’t matter to them) rather than let their own people go to war but women are allowed to participate. People live half their life in the city and half of their life in the suburbs; however, a ‘passport’ is needed and permission from the leaders is also required. Men and women must wait until they are adults to be married and adultery, premarital sex, and polygamy are against the law. The religion of the people is whatever they want as long as they all believe in the same main God; however, they must believe that the soul does not die with the body.

The ideas expressed in More’s book are both similar and different to __Brave New World__. In __Utopia__, the world is ruled by reason. In __Brave New World__, every thing is a certain way for a very specific reason. Mustapha Mond describes this thoroughly when he is talking to Helmholtz. The Controller talks about how things such as emotions cause instability in society. So theoretically, the world would be better without it. This is exactly the view that Mustapha Mond has, and it is the reason he got rid of it. On the other hand, as you look at the lower castes, you see that their lives are not ruled by reason. Their lives are only ruled by their desires and immediate gratification. To be in a caste such as the Gammas requires no extra thought, analyzing, or “reading between the lines” about anything in their lives. The biggest diference between __Utopia__ and __Brave New World__ is that there is no economy or currency and in Huxley's utopia everything revolves around money. The people of __Brave New World__ have to stay happy and one of the things that enables them to that is sexual relations but in More's utopia people who are not married aren't allowed experience them until marriage which they aren't allowed to experience until they are adults. The people of __Brave New World__ do not have religious freedom or even religion at all and do not believe in souls. In __Utopia__ the people must believe in the same main god but have religious freedom to everything else except that they must believe that the soul does not die with the body. The people of __Brave New World__ are conditioned not to like nature (for example the babies with the flowers and the disliking of fields) but in __Utopia__ the people appreciate it a little bit more and not only experience the city life but the suburb life. Both civilizations did have population limits because it was necessary to keep everyone happy and keep them from getting out of hand. They also don't let people go anywhere they want without permission because they don't want them to be to independent. They don't very much like to participate in war but if they must gender is not discriminated but in __Brave New World__ the people prefer to stay away from war altogether except for durring the nine years war when they were fighting to mold the world into the "brave new world" it was in the book. Also in Huxley's utopia the power belongs completely to men.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/more_sir_thomas.shtml http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/sir_thomas_more__utopia.htm http://www.bookrags.com/notes/uto/SUM.html

=16.=

Plato
Plato was born in Athens, Greece between 429 and 423 BCE. He learned from the philosopher Socrates and was considered one of his best students. Plato wrote many dialogues and taught many people during his lifetime. His thought greatly influenced society as it is now. Eventually, Plato created a school in the sacred grove of Academus, dubbing his school Academy in honor of the demigod.

__The Republic__
__The Republic__ was Plato’s most famous dialogue. In it, he states his opinion of what a utopian society would be like. “Plato (speaking through Socrates) divides human beings up based on their innate intelligence, strength, and courage. Those who are not overly bright, or strong, or brave, are suited to various productive professions: farming, smithing, building, etc. Those who are somewhat bright, strong, and especially courageous are suited to defensive and policing professions. Those who are extraordinarily intelligent, virtuous, and brave, are suited to run the state itself; that is, Plato's ideal state is an [|aristocracy], a Greek word which means "rule by the best." The lower end of human society, which, as far as Plato is concerned, consists of an overwhelming majority of people in a state, he calls the "producers," since they are most suited for productive work. The middle section of society, a smaller but still large number of people, make up the army and the police and are called "Auxiliaries." The best and the brightest, a very small and rarefied group, are those who are in complete control of the state permanently; Plato calls these people "Guardians." In the ideal state, "courage" characterizes the Auxiliaries; "wisdom" displays itself in the lives and government of the Guardians. A state may be said to have "temperance" if the Auxiliaries obey the Guardians in all things and the Producers obey the Auxiliaries and Guardians in all things. A state may be said to be intemperate if any of the lower groups do not obey one of the higher groups. A state may be said to be just if the Auxiliaries do not simply obey the Guardians, but enjoy doing so, that is, they don't grumble about the authority being exercised over them; a just state would require that the Producers not only obey the Auxiliaries and Guardians, but that they do so willingly.” Plato also states his opinion on the individual here. “When the analogy is extended to the individual human being, Plato identifies the intellect with the Guardians, the spirit or emotions with the Auxiliaries, and the bodily appetites with the Producers. Therefore, an individual is courageous if his or her spirit is courageous and an individual is wise if his or her intellect is wise. Temperance occurs when the emotions are ruled over by the intellect, and the bodily appetites are ruled over by the emotions and especially the intellect. An individual may be said to be just when the bodily appetites and emotions are not only ruled over by the intellect, but do so willingly and without coercion.”

The ideas that are expressed in __The Republic__ are very similar to the __Brave New World__. The Brave New World strives to be a utopia, which is exactly what Plato describes in his book. The society of Brave New World is dictated by a caste system where the most capable and intelligent beings rule the government. The Alphas, who are the smartest people, do things that are most essential to the society, such as the hypnopedic rhymes. Plato's book describes how the lower end of human society should produce goods. This is very similar to Brave New World where the lower castes, such as the Betas, work in factories. Brave New World strives to be a just state, and when anyone, such as Helmholtz, acts out they get rid of him because he is a danger to the well being of the society. Also, Brave New World tries to condition the people of its society to the point that their emotions are ruled over by intellect. This is described in __The Republic__ as an individual who is just.

The novel __Utopia__, by Thomas Moore, and the novel __The Republic__, by Plato, are both similar and different. Both books are centered on the ideas of a perfect world. In this world people of the society would cooperate together for the good of the society, and everyone would remain happy. Although there is a difference between these two books. In __The Republic__ the society is based more on a cast system. The system is made up the producers, the guardians, and the auxiliaries and these statuses all had different qualities. In __Utopia__, the society is more united and based on the cooperation of the citizens. Also the society in __Utopia__ contains more freedom than in __The Republic__. The society in __The Republic__ is very restricted to the certain cast systems, where the people in __Utopia__ have more freedom. For example the people in __Utopia__ have freedom of religion as long as they worship the same god and believe the soul does not die with the body.

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato